
This CCD image on the top was taken with an SBIG ST8E camera with a H-alpha filter. It is the combination of six, five-minute exposures. The images were processed using Mira, CCDSharp, MaxIm DL and Photoshop. My friend Ray Gralak provided critical help and advice with the processing. This nebula is part of a larger complex with the other major section labeled IC 2944. The image was taken from Coonabarabran, NSW, Australia. It was shot through an AP 5" f/6.![]()
Above: cut-out from my image rotated to orientation of Hubble Image below.
The middle image is a blow-up of a few of the Thackeray's Globules shown in the Hubble Image.
The bottom image is explained by this text from the Hubble Heritage web site:
Strangely glowing dark clouds float serenely in this remarkable and beautiful
image taken with
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. These dense, opaque dust clouds - known
as "globules" - are
silhouetted against nearby bright stars in the busy star-forming region,
IC 2944. These globules
were first found in IC 2944 by astronomer A.D. Thackeray in 1950.
Although globules like these have been known since Dutch-American astronomer
Bart Bok first
drew attention to such objects in 1947, little is still known about their
origin and nature, except that
they are generally associated with large hydrogen-emitting star-formation
regions, called "HII
regions" due to their glowing light of hydrogen gas.
The largest of the globules in this image is actually two separate clouds
that gently overlap along our
line of sight. Each cloud is nearly 1.4 light-years (50 arcseconds) along
its longest dimension, and
collectively, they contain enough material to equal over 15 solar masses.
IC 2944, the surrounding
HII region, is filled with gas and dust that is illuminated and heated
by a loose cluster of O-type
stars. These stars are much hotter and much more massive than our Sun.
IC 2944 is relatively close
by, located only 5900 light-years (1800 parsecs) away in the constellation
Centaurus.
Thanks to the remarkable resolution offered by the Hubble Space Telescope,
astronomers can for
the first time study the intricate structure of these globules. The globules
appear to be heavily
fractured, as if major forces were tearing them apart. When radio astronomers
observed the faint
hiss of molecules within the globules, they realized that the globules
are actually in constant, churning
motion, moving supersonically among each other. This may be caused by the
powerful ultraviolet
radiation from the luminous, massive stars, which also heat up the gas
in the HII region, causing it to
expand and stream against the globules, leading to their destruction. Despite
their serene
appearance, the globules may actually be likened to clumps of butter put
onto a red-hot pan.
It is likely that the globules are dense clumps of gas and dust that existed
before the massive O-stars
were born. But once these luminous stars began to irradiate and destroy
their surroundings, the
clumps became visible when their less dense surroundings were eroded away,
thus exposing them to
the full brunt of the ultraviolet radiation and the expanding HII region.
The new images catch a
glimpse of the process of destruction. Had the appearance of the luminous
O-stars been a bit
delayed, it is likely that the clumps would actually have collapsed to
form several more low-mass
stars like the Sun. Instead they are now being toasted and torn apart.
The hydrogen-emission image that clearly shows the outline of the dark
globules was taken in
February 1999 with Hubble's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) by Bo
Reipurth
(University of Hawaii) and collaborators. Additional broadband images that
helped to establish the
true color of the stars in the field were taken by the Hubble Heritage
Team in February 2001. The
composite result is a four-color image of the red, green, blue and H-alpha
filters.
Image Credit: NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)
Acknowledgment: Bo Reipurth (University of Hawaii)
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